Preventing Infection by Sexual Contact:

Abstinence or not having sex is the only way to absolutely prevent passing on HIV through sex. There are a number of other effective ways to reduce the risk of spreading HIV through sexual contact.

• The fewer, the better—You can limit the exposure of others to HIV by being faithful to 1 partner or having fewer sexual partners


• Condoms, condoms, condoms—It just cannot be said enough!!! Correctly using a condom is one of the best defenses against passing on HIV. Research shows that with correct and consistent condom use, you greatly decrease the chance of spreading HIV infection during sex


• If all else fails...—Some initial scientific evidence suggests that taking certain HIV medications within 72 hours after exposure can reduce the chances of becoming infected. If you believe that you were exposed to HIV, get to an emergency room immediately and ask a healthcare provider for more info. Note: This is based on early research information, and there is no guarantee that this will prevent HIV infection

Preventing Infection by Intravenous Drug Use

The best thing to do to protect yourself and others is to stop sharing needles. If you are HIV+, illegal drug use can further damage your immune system making you more likely to become ill. If quitting intravenous drugs is not possible, keep this is mind:

• Don't share your drug equipment—Be responsible, don't expose others to HIV infection by sharing your needles and syringes. Find out if there is a needle exchange program in your area and encourage others to get their needles and syringes from these places.

Preventing Infection of Infants by Birth or Breastfeeding

Contrary to popular belief, most babies born to mothers with HIV are not born with HIV. However, there still is a slight risk of passing HIV on to your baby through breastfeeding, childbirth, or during pregnancy, and not being on anti-HIV medication significantly increases that risk. So, it is important to know about what you can do to prevent your baby from becoming HIV+.

• Get treatment and stick with it—One of the best things that you can do for your baby while pregnant is to take care of yourself and get HIV treatment. Research shows that mothers with a low viral load who receive HIV treatment during pregnancy have a less than 2% chance of passing HIV on to their babies


• Have a C-section before labor begins—If you have a high viral load around the time of delivery, research suggests that having a C-section before labor can cut in half the chance of passing HIV on to your baby. Check with your healthcare provider to find out if this option is right for you


• Use formula, NOT breast milk—Breastfeeding your baby can increase your baby's chances of becoming HIV+. Experts also warn that you should NEVER mix formula with breast milk. This can irritate the baby's stomach and make them even more vulnerable to HIV infection

If you are HIV+ and pregnant, it is vital to your health and the health of your baby that you seek immediate medical attention and partner closely with your healthcare provider!